Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Siddha Herbomineral Formulation - Surangusa Parpam

The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Surangusa Parpam at the dose level of 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, in brewer yeast induced fever model Wistar rats. Fever was induced by subcutaneous injection of 10ml/kg of 20% w/v aqueous suspension of brewer’s yeast into the nape of the rat's neck. After eighteen hours feverish animals were treated with Surangusa Parpam 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, and rectal temperatures were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-treatment by inserting a well-lubricated bulb of the clinical thermometer. Surangusa Parpam showed a significant decrease in the elevated body temperature of rats that remained sustained throughout the tested time points from 1 to 3 hours in the used model. 35mg/kg body weight dose level showed significant inhibition of elevated body temperature when compared with the standard control. These results indicate that the Antipyretic activity of Surangusa Parpam and in addition to its well-established anti-inflammatory activity possesses significant antihistamine activity that may be beneficial in symptomatic relief when it is used in the therapy of allergic and inflammatory disorders.

Exploration and Assessment on the Agronomic Requirement of Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich: A Critically Endangered Medicinal Plant of Ethiopia

We determined the distribution and abundance of Taverniera abyssinica A. Rich in the Shewa floristic region, Ethiopia. We also carried out a mesh-house experiment to know whether T. abyssinica is able to survive and grow in any soil. From the nine potential locations we made exploration, T. abyssinca populations were found only in the two, Lemen and Mojo. The abundance of mature individuals was estimated to be more than 600/hectare. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that soil does not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on seedlings survival rate. However, it was found to have significant (p<0.05) effects on seedlings growth, root nodulation, and root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. Seedlings grown on the soil collected from Lemen and Mojo produced significantly (p<0.05) more number of leaves and grew better than those grown on Addis Ababa (where the species was never reported to grow) soil. The root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Addis Ababa soil was found to be significantly (p<0.05) and 38.89% and 54.17% lower than the root fresh weight of seedlings grown on Lemen and Mojo soils respectively. We report that T. abyssinica is N-fixer and arbuscular mycorrhizal. Seedlings grown on the Addis Ababa soil were not colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi while those grown on Lemen and Mojo soils were. Although the estimated abundance of mature T. abyssinica individuals was high, there is continued exploitation of the species and habitat loss is imminent. Therefore, integrated conservation program by way of ex situ conservation, in situ conservation, and cultivation should be implemented. Taverniera abyssinica could be cultivated in areas with leptosol and degraded vertisol soils with slightly acidic to basic pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could play key role in future conservation and cultivation efforts of the species.

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of Pulicaria crispa (Forssk. ) Oliv. (Asteraceae)

Abstract Some plants of the genus Pulicaria have been used in traditional medicines for treating back pain and inflammation. They possess various bioactivities such as antipyretic, analgesic, and hepatoprotective. This study aimed to investigate the potential analgesic, antipyretic, anti- inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of Pulicaria crispa (P. crispa) extract (PCE). Analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests. Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using rectal temperature and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema methods, respectively. CCl4-intoxication was used for hepatoprotective activity. Also, liver histopathology was assessed. PCE, at 500 mg/kg, exhibited significant analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin of CCl4-exposed rats reflects their liver injury. PCE significantly decreased the elevated liver markers. The hepatoprotective effect of PCE was confirmed, as it successfully reversed the altered levels of total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) in the liver tissues of CCl4-exposed rats. Histopathological studies confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of PCE. Pretreatment of rats with PCE reduced the severity of CCl4-induced liver damage. These findings concluded that PCE possesses analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.

Recommendations for prescription review of antipyretic-analgesics in symptomatic treatment of children with fever / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Antipyretic-analgesics are currently one of the most prescribed drugs in children.The clinical application of antipyretic-analgesics for children in our country still have irrational phenomenon, which affects the therapeutic effect and even poses hidden dangers to the safety of children.In this paper, suggestions were put forward from the indications, dosage form/route, dosage suitability, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual differences and drug interactions in the symptomatic treatment of febrile children, so as to provide reference for the general pharmacists when conducting prescription review.

Antipyretic activity and potential mechanism of Indigo Naturalis on 2,4-dinitrophenol-induced fever rat model / 中国中药杂志

As an effective antipyretic medicine,Indigo Naturalis has a long history of application in the field of Chinese medicine.The content of organics,mainly indigo and indirubin,is about 10%. However,the active ingredients and mechanism of its antipyretic effect have not yet been fully elucidated. In view of this,they were investigated in this study with the rectal temperature change as an indicator and 2,4-dinitrophenol-induced fever rats as subjects. The content of PGE2 and c AMP in the hypothalamus and the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Moreover,the plasma samples of fever rats were analyzed by metabonomics in combination with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the exploration of potential biomarkers and the discussion on the antipyretic mechanism of Indigo Naturalis and its active ingredients. The results showed that the rising trend of rectal temperature in rats was suppressed 0. 5 h after the treatment with Indigo Naturalis,organic matter,indigo or indirubin as compared with the rats of model group( P < 0. 05),among which Indigo Naturalis and organic matter had better antipyretic effect. ELISA results showed that organic matter and indigo can inhibit the expression of PGE2 and c AMP( P<0. 01),while Indigo Naturalis and organic matter were effective in curbing the increase in TNF-α( P<0. 05). A total of 21 endogenous metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of the Indigo Naturalis,organic matter,indigo and indirubin groups,which were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Key to Indigo Naturalis' oral effectiveness: in vivo and in vitro verification of bile action / 中国中药杂志

Indigo Naturalis( IN) is mainly composed of 10% organic matter and 90% inorganic matter,with a poor wettability and strong hydrophobicity. Indigo,indirubin and effective ingredients are almost insoluble in water. And how it exerts its effect after oral administration still needs to be revealed. For this reason,this study put forward the hypothesis that " Indigo Naturalis forms a slightly soluble calcium carbonate carrier in a strong acid environment of gastric fluid,and organic substances are solubilized in the bile environment of intestinal fluid",and then verified the hypothesis. First,the dissolution apparatus was used to simulate the change process of IN in different digestive fluid,and the effects of low-dose and normal bile on the dissolution of inorganic substances and the release of organic substances were compared. After the surface morphology and element changes of IN in different digestive fluid were observed,it was found that bile is the key to promoting the dissolution of organic and inorganic substances in IN. Furthermore,the rat fever model induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol was used to study the antipyretic effect of IN in normal rats and bile duct ligation rats. It was found that the antipyretic effect of IN on normal rats was better than that of bile duct ligation rats. The above results indicated that after oral administration of IN,the calcium carbonate carrier was transformed into a slightly soluble state in acidic gastric fluid,and a small amount of organic matter was released. When IN entered the intestinal fluid mixed with bile,the carrier dissolved in a large amount,and indigo and indirubin were dissolved in a large amount,so as to absorb the blood and exert the effect. This study has a certain significance for guiding clinical application of IN. For patients with insufficient bile secretion( such as bile duct resection),oral administration with IN may not be effective and shall be paid attention.

Changes in forms of Indigo Naturalis slices in ancient and modern times: a systematic study on quality of purified Indigo Naturalis and crude Indigo Naturalis / 中国中药杂志

Indigo Naturalis has a long history of medicinal use with particularity and complexity in its processing. Before the Ming dynasty,Indigo Naturalis was extracted from the top layer of zymotic fluid,called " purified Indigo Naturalis". In modern processing,the precipitate " crude Indigo Naturalis" is dried to produce Indigo Naturalis after impurity removal. The form of Indigo Naturalis slices has undergone significant changes in ancient and modern times. In view of this,the quality comparison between crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis was conducted in this study with modern analytical techniques. Firstly,chemical composition was analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS,and the chemical composition of scent with HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. The content of indigo,indirubin,total ash,and water-soluble extract was determined as well as the inorganic composition in crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis. Then,their microscopic morphology was observed and the surface element composition was investigated. Finally,the antipyretic activities of crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis were compared in the fever rat model induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results demonstrated that the purified Indigo Naturalis had a faster and more lasting antipyretic effect,while the crude Indigo Naturalis had almost no antipyretic effect. This study is of great significance to the research on processing technology of Indigo Naturalis and provides reference for the formulation of its quality standards,production specifications and calibration procedures.

Encuesta sobre conocimiento, hábitos de prescripción y manejo de la fiebre en pediatras de un hospital pediátrico / Survey on knowledge, prescription habits, and management of fever among pediatricians at a children's hospital

Introducción. Existen discrepancias en el abordaje de la fiebre por parte de los pediatras. El objetivo fue describir conocimientos, hábitos de prescripción e indicaciones de tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la fiebre por parte de los médicos de un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, analítico, de corte transversal, realizado en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez durante 2018.Resultados. Se realizaron 100 encuestas. El 37 % de los pediatras siempre indicaba medios físicos, mientras que el 54 %, ocasionalmente. El 68 % alternaba antitérmicos, aunque el 72 % consideraba que esta práctica aumentaba el riesgo de toxicidad. El 32 % respondió que el tratamiento precoz disminuía el riesgo de convulsiones.Conclusiones. Existen hábitos de prescripción e indicaciones de tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la fiebre por parte de los pediatras con escasa evidencia de su eficacia.

Introduction. There are discrepancies in relation to pediatricians' approach to fever. Our objective was to describe the knowledge, prescription habits, and drug and non-drug treatment indications for fever among physicians at a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Material and methods. Observational, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez in 2018.Results. A total of 100 surveys were completed: 37 % of pediatricians always indicated physical methods, whereas 54 % did so occasionally; 68 % alternated antipyretic agents, while 72 % considered this practice increased the risk for toxicity; and 32 % stated that early management reduced the risk for seizures.Conclusions. Pediatricians have prescription habits and indicate drug and non-drug treatments for fever that have demonstrated little effectivenes

Conocimientos y manejo de la fiebre en padres de niños menores de 5 años en un hospital pediátrico / Knowledge and management of fever in parents of children under 5 years of age at a children's hospital

Introducción. La fiebre en pediatría es motivo de consulta frecuente. El objetivo fue evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y temores de los padres ante la fiebre de sus hijos.Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. En 2018, se realizó una encuesta a padres de niños de entre 6 meses y 5 años que asistieron al Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Se analizó la asociación entre las variables sociodemográficas y los conocimientos, actitudes y temores frente al cuadro febril.Resultados. Se realizaron 201 encuestas. El 56,7 % de los padres consideró que la fiebre era mala para la salud. El 37 % definió fiebre entre 37 °C y 37,5 °C, y el 59 %, 38-38,5 ºC. La media de temperatura considerada grave fue 39,2 °C (desvío estándar 0,69). El 93 % de los cuidadores utilizaba medidas físicas; el 97 % administraba antitérmicos y el 14,5 % los alternaba. Los temores a las consecuencias fueron, en el 82 %, convulsiones; en el 41 %, deshidratación; en el 18 %, daño cerebral y, en el 12 %, muerte. El 86,5 % despertaba a sus hijos para administrarles antitérmico. En el estrato de mayor instrucción materna, fue menor el temor a la fiebre (odds ratio0,5; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 0,28-0,91).Conclusiones. Un tercio de los encuestados consideró fiebre valores bajos de temperatura. El temor a la fiebre fue elevado y el nivel de instrucción materna podría mitigarlo.

Introduction. In pediatrics, fever is a common reason for consultation. The objective was to assess parental knowledge, behaviors, and fears in the management of fever in their children.Materials and methods. Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. In 2018, a survey was administered to the parents of children aged 6 months to 5 years who attended Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The association between sociodemographic outcome measures and knowledge, behaviors, and fears in cases of fever was analyzed.Results. A total of 201 surveys were completed: 56.7 % of parents considered that fever was bad for health; 37 % defined fever between 37 °C and 37.5 °C, and 59 %, between 38 °C and 38.5 °C. The mean temperature considered severe was 39.2 °C (standard deviation: 0.69). Physical methods were used by 93 % of caregivers; 97 % administered antipyretic agents, and 14.5 % used alternating agents. Fears of consequences included seizures in 82 %, dehydration in 41 %, brain damage in 18 %, and death in 12 %. Also, 86.5 % woke up their children to give them an antipyretic agent. Among the higher maternal education level, fear of fever was lower (odds ratio: 0.5; 95 % confidence interval: 0.28-0.91).Conclusions. One-third of survey respondents considered low body temperature values as fever. Fear of fever was high, and the level of maternal education may mitigate it.

A comparative single dose study of oral acetaminophen 650 mg to its standard 500 mg dose in adult pyrexia patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Acetaminophen commonly called as paracetamol is the most used ‘over-the-counter’ analgesic for headache, musculoskeletal pain, dysmenorrhoea etc. It is the best drug to be used as antipyretic for fever due to any cause and safest to be prescribed in all age groups. Antipyretic dose of acetaminophen is 325 to 650 mg; 3 to 4 times a day and is available in the strength of 650 mg and 500 mg tablets. This study was conducted to analyse the antipyretic efficacy and safety profile of two different doses of acetaminophen in patients with low grade fever.Methods: 300 hospitalised patients aged more than 18 years, in department of General Medicine, having low grade fever (38º to 39º C) were randomly allocated into two groups of 150 each, group A received 500 mg and group B received 650 mg of single oral dose of acetaminophen tablets. Oral temperature was measured before dosing, 30 minutes after dosing, one hour, two hourlies thereafter for 6 hours after the dose. Safety was assessed by monitoring for adverse effects during the study and 24 hours after administration of the assigned drug.Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in temperature in group B patients from baseline 39.06±0.87º C to 37.02±0.89º C at the end of 6th hour as compared with 39.18±0.80º C to 38.03±0.77º C in Group A patients (p=0.031).Conclusions: Our study concluded that acetaminophen in a dose of 650 mg is highly efficacious antipyretic drug compared to acetaminophen 500 mg with no adverse effects.

Dosage form and specification analysis on electrolytes and antipyretic analgesics in 2018 National Essential Medicines List / 药学实践杂志

Objective To provide data reference for improving the selection criteria of the dosage forms and specifications of the electrolytes and antipyretic analgesics in the Essential Medicines List, and to improve the applicability of these medicines to children and the availability of essential medicines. Methods The market and prices of electrolytes and antipyretic analgesics were retrieved by the system. The data were processed by Excel software, and the different dosage forms were compared and analyzed. Results 8 medication classes were included for adjusting water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, and another 16 classes were analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic and anti-gout drugs. Those medications were characterized with many registered approval numbers, manufacturers and some considerations for pediatric uses. The proper prices were given for different dosage forms and specifications. There is a room for improvement regarding the specifications of potassium, glucose injections, and acetaminophen preparations. Conclusion The selection of pharmaceutical dosage forms and specifications in the Essential Medicines List should be comprehensively evaluated from the registered approval numbers of base medicines, the manufacturers and related prices in pharmaceutical procurement platforms from various provinces, and the clinical needs for special populations. It is recommended that 10 ml: 1 g potassium chloride injection, 50 ml glucose injection，acetaminophen suppositories and drops were included in the Essential Medicines List.

Prescription-syndrome relationship in traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology research progress of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treatment of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient / 中草药

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and local departments have released a number of diagnosis and treatment plans for COVID-19. One of the recommended prescriptions for severe stage treatment is Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, whose TCM syndrome is corresponding to the severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient in the COVID-19 protocol of Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 7). Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can be used in the treatment of syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient. Syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient is with consumption of nutrient yin of body fluid, pathogenic qi always triumphing over healthy qi, excessive noxious heat from qi and nutrient, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxicating. It can achieve the therapeutic purpose of nourishing yin and protecting yin by removing evil spirits. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has potential effects of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, regulating immunity and protecting viscera and tissues in the treatment of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient. In this paper, the pathogenesis evolution of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient, the relationship between prescriptions and syndromes of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and its modern pharmacological effects was analyzed, so as to provide a basis for the effective treatment of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient.

Antipyretic effect of Xiyanping injection on bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rabbits / 药学学报

This paper mainly studied the effect of Xiyanping injection on the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever in rabbits, preliminarily investigated the mechanisms, and provided pharmacological basis for the clinical application. The rabbit model of endotoxin-induced fever was established by using LPS as the inducer; The changes of rectal temperature were measured; The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and phospholipaseA2 (PLA2) in the serum were measured; The levels of PGE2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in cerebrospinal fluid as well as hypothalamus were detected. The animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University in this study. The results showed that Xiyanping injection (12.5, 25, and 50 mg·kg-1) could significantly reduce LPS-upregulated body temperature of rabbits, and the duration of action could reach 5.5-8.5 h. At the doses of 25 and 50 mg·kg-1, the antipyretic effect of Xiyanping injection was comparable to that of analgin injection (50 mg·kg-1). Furthermore, Xiyanping injection and analgin injection both reduced the levels of PGE2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PLA2 in the serum of febrile rabbits to the varying degrees. In addition, Xiyanping injection also down-regulated the levels of PGE2, cAMP, and AVP in the hypothalamus, and PGE2 and cAMP in the cerebrospinal fluid. The level of AVP in the cerebrospinal fluid was up-regulated. This study indicated that Xiyanping injection could significantly improve the endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits, and mechanisms were closely related to the regulation of the levels of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, PLA2, cAMP, and AVP in serum, hypothalamus, and cerebrospinal fluid.

General Situation of Modern Research of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chuanxiong Chatiaosan was first recorded in Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang, which was made up of 8 herbs, including Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. This prescription mainly contains a variety of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, volatile oils and other compounds, which play the biological activity of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Chuanxiong Chatiaosan can reduce blood viscosity, improve cerebral circulation, and has central analgesic effect to treat migraine effectively. However, the mechanism for treating migraine of this prescription is still unclear. The author elaborated the research status of Chuanxiong Chatiaosan from four aspects, including quality control method, chemical composition, preparation technology and pharmacological research, hoping to provide references for rational clinical application and explanation of pharmacological mechanism of this prescription.

Evaluation of Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Methonolic Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Albino Rats

The study was conducted to determine the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Andographispaniculata (APE) in albino rats. Acute oral LD50 of APE in female rats was more than 2000 mg/kg. The antipyretic activitywas studied by inducing pyrexia with Brewer’s yeast. A total number of thirty albino rats (200 g) were used for the study ofanti-pyretic activity they were divided into five groups of six rats in each group. Group I served as control Normal saline andGroup II were given brewer’s yeast alone (20 ml/kg), Group III was administered standard drug Aspirin @ 100 mg /kg bodywt. while groups IV and V were treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of Andrographis paniculata extract respectively.Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer’s suspension in below the nape of the neck of the animals.The anti-inflammatory activity of APE was assessed by measuring the reduction in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats.A twenty four albino rats (200 g) were used for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. Four groups were divided with six ratsin each group. Group I served as control Normal saline solution and Group II was administered standard drug phenylbutazone@ 100 mg/kg While, groups III and IV were treated with 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of APE respectively. APE (@ 400 mg/kghad significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity against reduced brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and carrageenaninduced rat paw edema in rats suggesting potent antipyretic effect of APE. From these results it may be concluded that crudemethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata have significant antipyretic activity and anti-inflammatory activity that mightbe due to combined effect of active constituents present in plant extract this strongly support the ethno pharmacologicaluse of the plant for the management of fever and inflammation

A Prospective Study on Drug Prescribing Pattern in Paediatric Ward of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Gajraula

Background: Irrational use of antibiotic for common childhood illnesses like respiratory tract infections, acute watery diarrhea and viral fever has developed the antibiotic resistance. Though, acute respiratory infection, acute watery diarrhea and viral fever account for almost 60% outpatient visits, but only 20% of these patients requires antibiotic therapy Methods: 250 total numbers of cases were included in this study. This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Gajraula, U.P, India. The duration of study was over a period of 6 months Result: In this study 250 total numbers of cases were included. Among all cases 49.2% cases were belongs from 2-5 year of age followed by 1 m- 1 y (14.4%), >5 y (36.4%). In our study we found that 70% were male & 30% were female. Conclusion: This study concludes that, Common use of antibiotic without culture sensitivity, leads to high cost burden and resistance to antibiotics. This situation leads to the use of strong medication for the quick relief of the patients.

Re-evaluation of Shuanghuanglian series preparations based on pharmacodynamics action value / 中草药

Objective: To re-evaluate the pharmacodynamics of Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Shuanghuanglian Tablet, and Shuanghuanglian Granules with the index of pharmacodynamics action value. Methods: The pharmacodynamics action values of Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Shuanghuanglian Tablet, and Shuanghuanglian Granules were determined and calculated. And the classical models of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antibacterial in vitro were used to verify the effect of these three preparations. Results: The pharmacodynamics action values of anti-inflammatory effect of Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid, Shuanghuanglian Tablet, and Shuanghuanglian Granules were 2.80, 3.57, and 2.66 mg, respectively; The pharmacodynamics action values of antipyretic effect were 9.59, 14.86, and 13.42 mg respectively; The pharmacodynamics action values of antibacterial effect were 996.72, 2 011.64, and 1 691.98 mg respectively, which indicated that Shuanghuanglian Tablet had the strongest anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antibacterial effect, and the results of pharmacodynamics in vivo and in vitro studies also showed that Shuanghuanglian Tablet had better anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antibacterial effects than the other two preparations. Conclusion: In this study, the pharmacodynamic test verification results of these three preparations were consistent with the predicted results of pharmacodynamics action value. Therefore, the pharmacodynamics action value can be used as an index to re-evaluate the effect of Shuanghuanglian series preparations.

Research progress on pharmacological effect of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba / 中草药

The main chemical components of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (ASH) include coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, essential oils, and so on. Except for the traditional actions of clearing and draining dampness-heat, and disinhibiting gallbladder and anti-icteric, ASH has multiple pharmacological activities, such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, metabolic regulation effects, as well as prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, whose mechanism of actions are complex. This article reviews pharmacological actions and the corresponding mechanism of ASH, which can provide reference for the research, development and clinical application of ASH and its preparations.

HPLC fingerprint and multi-index content determination of children antifebrile lotion / 中草药

Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprint of antipyretic lotion for children and determine the content of 10 components (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, forsythiae A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid and forsythin). Methods: The analysis of antipyretic lotion for children was performed on the Kromasil 100-5 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column, with mobile phase comprising of 0.1% phosphate acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner, and the column temperature was 35 ℃, and detection wavelength was set at 330 nm. With forsythia A as reference peak, HPLC fingerprint of 11 batches of preparations was established; Based on the conditions of fingerprint chromatogram, the content of 10 components was determined at the detection wavelength of 330 and 280 nm and the multi-index content of 11 batches of the preparation was determined. Results: HPLC fingerprint was established, a total of 37 peaks were selected as the common peaks, of which 22 peaks were identified, and the similarities of 11 batches of preparations were between 0.987 and 0.999. The linear relationships of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, forsythiae A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, and forsythioside were good in the range of 14.18-141.78, 20.53-205.63, 14.38-143.78, 5.62-56.19, 22.22-222.22, 8.40-83.98, 5.70-57.02, 7.46-76.36, 16.95-169.48, 8.59-85.94 g/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 109.51%, 98.73%, 99.41%, 90.63%, 92.73%, 95.39%, 91.87%, 106.50%, 95.23%, and 108.71%. The content of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, forsythiae A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, and forsythin in the 11 batches were in the range of 306.38-457.85, 607.67-854.71, 306.81-469.02, 95.65-170.64, 484.41-819.44, 234.28-322.01, 145.42-226.85, 219.11-292.21, 347.94-507.74, 201.35-261.94 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The method is accurate, simple, stable and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of antipyretic lotion for children.

Research progress on chemical constituents of Artemisia annua and its pharmacological activities / 中草药

As a commonly used Chinese materia medica, Artemisia annua mainly contains sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, phenylpropionic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oil, and other chemical compositions. Its pharmacological activities are anti-malaria, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulation and so on. The significantly anti-malarial activity has led to its earlier use in the treatment of malaria. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of A. annua in recent years are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the further development and rational utilization of this plant resource.